DuplexJail: Safety Alignment Breaks Under Spoken Interruption in Full-Duplex Models

Summary

Full-duplex speech models accept user speech while generating responses, creating an underexplored attack surface. We introduce DuplexJail, which delivers fixed, request-independent spoken prompts through the user audio channel. We compare fixed-delay interruption after the harmful request ends with refusal-triggered interruption following a cue in the model's streaming text. Across four open-source models and 720 harmful requests from AdvBench and HarmBench, fixed-delay interruption raises whole-response attack success rates on AdvBench to 40.3% for PersonaPlex and 48.7% for PersonaPlex-RL, increases of +33.8 and +39.3 percentage points. The refusal-triggered policy reaches 35.6% and 48.6%, respectively, with all trials scored regardless of whether an interruption occurs. Selected conditions also increase FLM-Audio's harmful-response rate, while BayLing-Duplex shows decreases. These findings identify spoken interruption as a jailbreak attack vector and motivate evaluating safety throughout ongoing full-duplex interaction.